From 21d213dcff1367c16dc0c3f6585b8e35d7c2f0c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Ale=C5=A1=20Smodi=C5=A1?= <aless@guru.si>
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2015 19:17:43 +0200
Subject: Introduced the Q promises library, created a basic login page to test
 prolog examples, and started tying the terminal and editor activity to the
 REST services.

---
 js/codeq.js       |   83 ++-
 js/codeq/comms.js |   64 ++
 js/codeq/core.js  |   33 +
 js/codeq/login.js |  183 +++++
 js/prolog.js      |  122 +++-
 js/q.js           | 2051 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 2516 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 js/codeq/comms.js
 create mode 100644 js/codeq/core.js
 create mode 100644 js/codeq/login.js
 create mode 100644 js/q.js

(limited to 'js')

diff --git a/js/codeq.js b/js/codeq.js
index 472cab0..9e33bac 100644
--- a/js/codeq.js
+++ b/js/codeq.js
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ window.phandler = null; // TODO: this is for debug only
         };
     }
 
+    codeq.jsonize = jsonize;
+
     codeq.log = {};
     (function () {
         var assembleOutput = function (stuff, e) {
@@ -706,7 +708,23 @@ window.phandler = null; // TODO: this is for debug only
 
     }; // codeq.system = {
 
-    window.start = function () {
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of Unicode code points in the given string.
+     *
+     * @param s {string}
+     * @returns {number}
+     */
+    codeq.codePointCount = function (s) {
+        var n = 0, i, code;
+        for (i = s.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            code = s.charCodeAt(i);
+            if ((code >= 0xd800) && (code < 0xe000)) i++;
+            n++;
+        }
+        return n;
+    };
+
+    $(document).ready(function () {
 //        var s = location.hash;
 //        if (s.length == 0) return; // empty hash
 //        if (s.charAt(0) == '#') s = s.substring(1);
@@ -724,17 +742,56 @@ window.phandler = null; // TODO: this is for debug only
             width: '100%'
         });*/
 
-        codeq.system.load({
-            type: 'text',
-            url: 'sins.py',
-            callback: function (data, status, url) {
-                if (!data) return;
-                var info = codeq.parseDefinition(data);
-                window.phandler = codeq.createPrologHandler(info); // TODO: for debug only
-                // DEBUG: phandler.processServerHints([{id:'x_must_be_female'}]);
-                // DEBUG: phandler.processServerHints([{id:'popup_unknown', start: 20, end: 26}]);
-                // DEBUG: phandler.processServerHints([{id:'drop_down', start: 20, end: 26, choices:['ena', 'dva', 'tri']}]);
+        var hash = location.hash,
+            error = false,
+            params, param, sid, grp, prb, i, key, j;
+
+        if (hash.length < 2) {
+            error = 'No execution parameters were provided';
+        }
+        else {
+            location.hash = '';
+            if (hash.charAt(0) == '#') hash = hash.substring(1);
+            params = hash.split('/');
+            for (i = params.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                param = params[i];
+                j = param.indexOf('=');
+                if (j < 0) continue;
+                key = param.substring(0, j);
+                switch (key) {
+                    case 'sid':
+                        sid = param.substring(j+1);
+                        break;
+                    case 'grp':
+                        grp = param.substring(j+1);
+                        break;
+                    case 'prb':
+                        prb = param.substring(j+1);
+                        break;
+                }
             }
-        });
-    };
+            if (!sid) error = 'No session ID provided';
+            else if (!grp) error = 'No problem group provided';
+            else if (!prb) error = 'No problem provided';
+        }
+
+        if (error) {
+            alert(error);
+        }
+        else {
+            codeq.sid = sid;
+            codeq.system.load({
+                type: 'text',
+                url: 'prolog/problems/' + grp + '/' + prb + '/en.py',
+                callback: function (data, status, url) {
+                    if (!data) return;
+                    var info = codeq.parseDefinition(data);
+                    window.phandler = codeq.createPrologHandler(info, grp, prb); // TODO: for debug only
+                    // DEBUG: phandler.processServerHints([{id:'x_must_be_female'}]);
+                    // DEBUG: phandler.processServerHints([{id:'popup_unknown', start: 20, end: 26}]);
+                    // DEBUG: phandler.processServerHints([{id:'drop_down', start: 20, end: 26, choices:['ena', 'dva', 'tri']}]);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    });
 })();
diff --git a/js/codeq/comms.js b/js/codeq/comms.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb5d348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/codeq/comms.js
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+(function () {
+
+    var activityQueue = [];
+
+    var send = function (service, json) {
+        return Q.Promise(function (resolve, reject, notify) {
+            $.ajax({
+                'type': 'POST',
+                'url': codeq.urlPrefix + service,
+                'accepts': 'application/json',
+                'contentType': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8', // type of our request
+                'data': json,
+                'processData': false, // don't process outgoing data
+                'dataType': 'json', // expected type of the response
+                'timeout': 60000, // one minute
+                'error': function sendErrorHandler(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
+                    reject(new Error(errorThrown || textStatus));
+                },
+                'success': function sendSuccessHandler(data, textStatus, jqXHR) {
+                    resolve(data);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    };
+
+    var sendCount = 0,
+        sendActivityInternal = function () {
+            var request;
+            // send max. 100 activities, do not be excessive
+            if (activityQueue.length > 100) {
+                sendCount = 100;
+                request = '[' + activityQueue.slice(0, 100).join(',') + ']';
+            }
+            else {
+                sendCount = activityQueue.length;
+                request = '[' + activityQueue.join(',') + ']';
+            }
+            send('activity', request).then(
+                function sendActivitySuccess() {
+                    activityQueue.splice(0, sendCount);
+                    if (activityQueue.length > 0) sendActivityInternal();
+                },
+                function sendActivityFailure() {
+                    Q.delay(500).then(sendActivityInternal).done();
+                }
+            ).done();
+        };
+
+    codeq.comms = {
+        sendActivity: function commsSendActivity (json) {
+            var triggerSending = activityQueue.length == 0;
+            json['sid'] = codeq.sid;
+            activityQueue.push(codeq.jsonize(json));
+            if (triggerSending) {
+                setTimeout(sendActivityInternal, 0); // async trigger: see if you can collect some more payload
+            }
+        },
+
+        sendQuery: function commsSendQuery (json) {
+            json['sid'] = codeq.sid;
+            return send('query', codeq.jsonize(json));
+        }
+    };
+})();
diff --git a/js/codeq/core.js b/js/codeq/core.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f13a019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/codeq/core.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+window.siteDefinition = { logLevel: 'debug' }; // for debug purposes
+
+window.codeq = {
+    /**
+     * XML namespaces.
+     */
+    ns: {
+        svg: 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
+    },
+
+    noOnlineStatus: !('onLine' in navigator),
+
+    /**
+     * REST API URL prefix.
+     */
+    urlPrefix: '/codeq/',
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of Unicode code points in the given string.
+     *
+     * @param s {string}
+     * @returns {number}
+     */
+    codePointCount: function (s) {
+        var n = 0, i, code;
+        for (i = s.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            code = s.charCodeAt(i);
+            if ((code >= 0xd800) && (code < 0xe000)) i++;
+            n++;
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/js/codeq/login.js b/js/codeq/login.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d449835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/codeq/login.js
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+(function(){
+    var groups = {
+        'family_relations': {
+            'name': 'Family relations',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': 'ancestor_2', 'name': 'ancestor/2'},
+                {'id': 'aunt_2', 'name': 'aunt/2'},
+                {'id': 'brother_2', 'name': 'brother/2'},
+                {'id': 'connected_3', 'name': 'connected/3'},
+                {'id': 'cousin_2', 'name': 'cousin/2'}
+            ]
+        },
+        'lists': {
+            'name': 'Lists',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''}
+            ]
+        },
+        'sorting': {
+            'name': 'Sorting',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''}
+            ]
+        },
+        'other': {
+            'name': 'Other',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''}
+            ]
+        },
+        'sets': {
+            'name': 'Sets',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''}
+            ]
+        },
+        'trees': {
+            'name': 'Trees',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''}
+            ]
+        },
+        'license_plates': {
+            'name': 'License plates',
+        },
+        'clp_fd': {
+            'name': 'CLP(FD',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': 'gcd_3', 'name': 'gcd/3'},
+                {'id': 'magic_1', 'name': 'magic/1'},
+                {'id': 'puzzle_abc_3', 'name': 'puzzle_abc/3'},
+                {'id': 'puzzle_beth_1', 'name': 'puzzle_beth/1'},
+                {'id': 'puzzle_momson_2', 'name': 'puzzle_momson/2'},
+                {'id': 'puzzle_ratio_2', 'name': 'puzzle_ratio/2'},
+                {'id': 'tobase_3', 'name': 'tobase/3'}
+            ]
+        },
+        'clp_r': {
+            'name': 'CLP(R)',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': 'bounding_box_3', 'name': 'bounding_box/3'},
+                {'id': 'center_3', 'name': 'center/3'},
+                {'id': 'linear_opts_3', 'name': 'linear_opts/3'},
+                {'id': 'max_sum_2', 'name': 'max_sum/2'},
+                {'id': 'megabytes_2', 'name': 'megabytes/2'},
+                {'id': 'turkey_3', 'name': 'turkey/3'}
+            ]
+        },
+        'dcg': {
+            'name': 'DCG',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': 'ab_2', 'name': 'ab/2'},
+                {'id': 'digit_2', 'name': 'digit/2'},
+                {'id': 'expr_2', 'name': 'expr/2'},
+                {'id': 'expr_3', 'name': 'expr/3'},
+                {'id': 'flower_2', 'name': 'flower/2'}
+            ]
+        },
+        'denotational_semantics': {
+            'name': 'Denotational semantics',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': 'algol_3', 'name': 'algol/3'},
+                {'id': 'algol_for_3', 'name': 'algol_for/3'},
+                {'id': 'algol_if_3', 'name': 'algol_if/3'},
+                {'id': 'prog_8puzzle_2', 'name': 'prog_8puzzle/2'},
+                {'id': 'prog_8puzzle_3', 'name': 'prog_8puzzle/3'}
+            ]
+        },
+        'old_exams': {
+            'name': 'Old exams',
+            'problems': [
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''},
+                {'id': '', 'name': ''}
+            ]
+        }
+    };
+
+    $("#submit").on('click', function () {
+        var group = $('#problem_group').val(),
+            problem = $('#problems').val();
+        if (!group) alert('Choose a problem group');
+        else if (!problem) alert('Choose a problem');
+        else {
+            $.ajax({
+                'type': 'POST',
+                'url': '/codeq/login',
+                'accepts': 'application/json',
+                'contentType': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
+                'data': JSON.stringify({
+                    'username': $('#username').val(),
+                    'password': $('#password').val()
+                }),
+                'processData': false,
+                'dataType': 'json',
+                'error': function loginErrorHandler(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
+                    alert('Request for login failed: ' + (errorThrown || textStatus));
+                },
+                'success': function loginSuccessHandler(data, textStatus, jqXHR) {
+                    if (data && (data.code === 0)) {
+                        window.location = 'prolog.html#sid=' + data.sid + '/grp=' + group + '/prb=' + problem;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        alert('Login failed: code=' + data.code + ', reason=' + data.message);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    });
+
+    $(document).ready(function () {
+        var jqGroup = $('#problem_group'),
+            jqProblems = $('#problems'),
+            id, g, first_group, html = [];
+
+        for (id in groups) {
+            g = groups[id];
+            html.push('<option value="', id, '">', g.name, '</option>\n');
+        }
+        jqGroup.html(html.join(''));
+        first_group = html[1];
+        html = null;
+
+        jqGroup.on('click', function () {
+            var g = groups[jqGroup.val()],
+                html = [],
+                problems, i, p;
+            if (g) {
+                problems = g.problems;
+                for (i = 0; i < problems.length; i++) {
+                    p = problems[i];
+                    if (!p.id) continue;
+                    html.push('<option value="', p.id, '">', p.name, '</option>\n')
+                }
+            }
+            jqProblems.html(html.join(''));
+        });
+
+        jqGroup.val(first_group);
+    });
+})();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/js/prolog.js b/js/prolog.js
index 28c1b69..0a0eb48 100644
--- a/js/prolog.js
+++ b/js/prolog.js
@@ -3,19 +3,95 @@
  */
 
 (function () {
+    // a constant
+    var firstCharacterPos = {'line': 0, 'ch': 0};
+
+    var makePrologTerminalHandler = function (jqConsole, editor, problem_group, problem) {
+        var promptMode = true, // default: query composition; alternative: query result browsing
+            tcs = function terminalCommandSuccess (data) {
+                var t, lines, i;
+                terminal.resume();
+                if (data.code === 0) {
+                    t = data.terminal;
+                    lines = t.messages;
+                    for (i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+                        terminal.echo(lines[i]);
+                    }
+                    promptMode = !t.have_more;
+                }
+                else {
+                    terminal.error(data.message);
+                    promptMode = true;
+                }
+            },
+            tcf = function terminalCommandFailed (error) {
+                terminal.resume();
+                terminal.exception(error);
+                promptMode = true;
+            },
+            terminal = jqConsole.terminal(function (command, terminal) {
+                if (promptMode) {
+                    terminal.pause();
+                    codeq.comms.sendQuery({
+                        'step': 'run',
+                        'program': editor.getDoc().getValue(),
+                        'query': command,
+                        'language': 'prolog',
+                        'problem_group': problem_group,
+                        'problem': problem
+                    }).then(tcs, tcf).done();
+                }
+                else {
+                    // not in prompt mode -- we should never land here, but handle it anyway
+                    codeq.comms.sendQuery({
+                        'step': 'end'
+                    }).then(tcs, tcf).done();
+                }
+            }, {
+                'history': true,
+                'prompt': '?- ',
+                'greetings': 'CodeQ prolog terminal proxy',
+                'exit': false,
+                'clear': false,
+                'keypress': function (event, terminal) {
+                    if (promptMode) return true;
+                    setTimeout(function () {
+                        terminal.echo(''); // send newline after semicolon or full-stop
+                        terminal.pause();
+                    }, 0);
+                    if ((event.which == 32) || (event.which == 59)) {
+                        // space or semicolon -> show next answer
+                        event.which = 59; // semicolon
+                        codeq.comms.sendQuery({
+                            'step': 'next'
+                        }).then(tcs, tcf).done();
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // everything else: stop searching for answers
+                        event.which = 46; // full stop
+                        codeq.comms.sendQuery({
+                            'step': 'end'
+                        }).then(tcs, tcf).done();
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+        return {};
+    };
+
     /**
      * Creates a new handler for the given Prolog assignment definition.
      *
      * @param {PrologTaskDef} info
      * @returns {{destroy: Function, processServerHints: Function}}
      */
-    codeq.createPrologHandler = function (info) {
+    codeq.createPrologHandler = function (info, problem_group, problem) {
         var jqDescription = $('#description'),
             jqEditor = $('#code_editor'),
             jqConsole = $('#console'),
             jqHints = $('#info'),
             editor = CodeMirror(jqEditor[0], { cursorHeight: 0.85, lineNumbers: true, matchBrackets: true }),
-            controller = jqConsole.console({
+/*            controller = jqConsole.console({
                 promptLabel: '?- ',
                 commandValidate: function (line) {
                     return !!line;
@@ -27,7 +103,9 @@
                 animateScroll: false,
                 promptHistory: false,
                 welcomeMessage: 'Prolog REPL.'
-            }), /** Object.<string, HintDefinition> */
+            }),*/
+            terminal = makePrologTerminalHandler(jqConsole, editor, problem_group, problem),
+            /** Object.<string, HintDefinition> */
             hintDefs = info.hint,
             hintCounter = 0, // for generating unique class-names
             hintCleaners = [],
@@ -112,7 +190,7 @@
                         };
 
                     if ((editor.listSelections().length > 1) || editor.somethingSelected()) {
-                        // showHint() doesn't work if a selection is active
+                        // showHint() doesn't work if a selection is activeparts
                     }
 
                     editor.showHint({
@@ -131,11 +209,32 @@
 
                     hintCleaners.push(close);
                 }
+            },
+            lastActivityMillis = Date.now(),
+            deltaActivityMillis = function deltaActivityMillisFunc () {
+                var now = Date.now(),
+                    dt = Math.max(0, Math.min(30000, now - lastActivityMillis)); // 0 sec <= dt <= 30 sec
+                lastActivityMillis = now;
+                return dt;
             };
 
         editor.setValue('sister(X, Y) :-\n    female(X),\n    parent(Z, X),\n    parent(Z, Y),\n    X \\== Y.'); // demo
         jqDescription.html(info.description);
 
+        editor.on('change', function (instance, changeObj) {
+            var doc = editor.getDoc(),
+                pos = codeq.codePointCount(doc.getRange(firstCharacterPos, changeObj.from)),
+                dt = deltaActivityMillis();
+
+            if (changeObj.removed) {
+//                codeq.comms.sendActivity({'typ': 'rm', 'dt': dt, 'off': pos, 'len': codeq.codePointCount(changeObj.removed)});
+            }
+
+            if (changeObj.text) {
+//                codeq.comms.sendActivity({'typ': 'ins', 'dt': dt, 'off': pos, 'txt': changeObj.text});
+            }
+        });
+
         var handler = {
             destroy: function () {
                 jqDescription.empty();
@@ -194,9 +293,18 @@
 //        $(jqButtons.get(1)).on('click', function () { handler.processServerHints([{id:'popup_unknown', start: 20, end: 26}]); });
 //        $(jqButtons.get(2)).on('click', function () { handler.processServerHints([{id:'drop_down', start: 20, end: 26, choices:['ena', 'dva', 'tri']}]); });
 
-        $(jqButtons.get(0)).on('click', function () { handler.processServerHints([{id:'list_empty'}]); });
-        $(jqButtons.get(1)).on('click', function () { handler.processServerHints([{id:'popup_unknown', start: 20, end: 26}]); });
-        $(jqButtons.get(2)).on('click', function () { handler.processServerHints([{id:'drop_down', start: 20, end: 26, choices:['ena', 'dva', 'tri']}]); });
+        $('#btn_code_run').on('click', function () {
+            var doc = editor.getDoc(),
+                dt = deltaActivityMillis();
+//            codeq.comms.sendActivity({'typ': 'slv', 'dt': dt, 'qry': });
+            handler.processServerHints([{id:'list_empty'}]);
+        });
+        $('#btn_code_break').on('click', function () {
+            handler.processServerHints([{id:'popup_unknown', start: 20, end: 26}]);
+        });
+        $('#btn_code_hint').on('click', function () {
+            handler.processServerHints([{id:'drop_down', start: 20, end: 26, choices:['ena', 'dva', 'tri']}]);
+        });
 
         return handler;
     };
diff --git a/js/q.js b/js/q.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adaca8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/q.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2051 @@
+// vim:ts=4:sts=4:sw=4:
+/*!
+ *
+ * Copyright 2009-2012 Kris Kowal under the terms of the MIT
+ * license found at http://github.com/kriskowal/q/raw/master/LICENSE
+ *
+ * With parts by Tyler Close
+ * Copyright 2007-2009 Tyler Close under the terms of the MIT X license found
+ * at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html
+ * Forked at ref_send.js version: 2009-05-11
+ *
+ * With parts by Mark Miller
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+(function (definition) {
+    "use strict";
+
+    // This file will function properly as a <script> tag, or a module
+    // using CommonJS and NodeJS or RequireJS module formats.  In
+    // Common/Node/RequireJS, the module exports the Q API and when
+    // executed as a simple <script>, it creates a Q global instead.
+
+    // Montage Require
+    if (typeof bootstrap === "function") {
+        bootstrap("promise", definition);
+
+    // CommonJS
+    } else if (typeof exports === "object" && typeof module === "object") {
+        module.exports = definition();
+
+    // RequireJS
+    } else if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+        define(definition);
+
+    // SES (Secure EcmaScript)
+    } else if (typeof ses !== "undefined") {
+        if (!ses.ok()) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            ses.makeQ = definition;
+        }
+
+    // <script>
+    } else if (typeof window !== "undefined" || typeof self !== "undefined") {
+        // Prefer window over self for add-on scripts. Use self for
+        // non-windowed contexts.
+        var global = typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : self;
+
+        // Get the `window` object, save the previous Q global
+        // and initialize Q as a global.
+        var previousQ = global.Q;
+        global.Q = definition();
+
+        // Add a noConflict function so Q can be removed from the
+        // global namespace.
+        global.Q.noConflict = function () {
+            global.Q = previousQ;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+    } else {
+        throw new Error("This environment was not anticipated by Q. Please file a bug.");
+    }
+
+})(function () {
+"use strict";
+
+var hasStacks = false;
+try {
+    throw new Error();
+} catch (e) {
+    hasStacks = !!e.stack;
+}
+
+// All code after this point will be filtered from stack traces reported
+// by Q.
+var qStartingLine = captureLine();
+var qFileName;
+
+// shims
+
+// used for fallback in "allResolved"
+var noop = function () {};
+
+// Use the fastest possible means to execute a task in a future turn
+// of the event loop.
+var nextTick =(function () {
+    // linked list of tasks (single, with head node)
+    var head = {task: void 0, next: null};
+    var tail = head;
+    var flushing = false;
+    var requestTick = void 0;
+    var isNodeJS = false;
+    // queue for late tasks, used by unhandled rejection tracking
+    var laterQueue = [];
+
+    function flush() {
+        /* jshint loopfunc: true */
+        var task, domain;
+
+        while (head.next) {
+            head = head.next;
+            task = head.task;
+            head.task = void 0;
+            domain = head.domain;
+
+            if (domain) {
+                head.domain = void 0;
+                domain.enter();
+            }
+            runSingle(task, domain);
+
+        }
+        while (laterQueue.length) {
+            task = laterQueue.pop();
+            runSingle(task);
+        }
+        flushing = false;
+    }
+    // runs a single function in the async queue
+    function runSingle(task, domain) {
+        try {
+            task();
+
+        } catch (e) {
+            if (isNodeJS) {
+                // In node, uncaught exceptions are considered fatal errors.
+                // Re-throw them synchronously to interrupt flushing!
+
+                // Ensure continuation if the uncaught exception is suppressed
+                // listening "uncaughtException" events (as domains does).
+                // Continue in next event to avoid tick recursion.
+                if (domain) {
+                    domain.exit();
+                }
+                setTimeout(flush, 0);
+                if (domain) {
+                    domain.enter();
+                }
+
+                throw e;
+
+            } else {
+                // In browsers, uncaught exceptions are not fatal.
+                // Re-throw them asynchronously to avoid slow-downs.
+                setTimeout(function () {
+                    throw e;
+                }, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (domain) {
+            domain.exit();
+        }
+    }
+
+    nextTick = function (task) {
+        tail = tail.next = {
+            task: task,
+            domain: isNodeJS && process.domain,
+            next: null
+        };
+
+        if (!flushing) {
+            flushing = true;
+            requestTick();
+        }
+    };
+
+    if (typeof process === "object" &&
+        process.toString() === "[object process]" && process.nextTick) {
+        // Ensure Q is in a real Node environment, with a `process.nextTick`.
+        // To see through fake Node environments:
+        // * Mocha test runner - exposes a `process` global without a `nextTick`
+        // * Browserify - exposes a `process.nexTick` function that uses
+        //   `setTimeout`. In this case `setImmediate` is preferred because
+        //    it is faster. Browserify's `process.toString()` yields
+        //   "[object Object]", while in a real Node environment
+        //   `process.nextTick()` yields "[object process]".
+        isNodeJS = true;
+
+        requestTick = function () {
+            process.nextTick(flush);
+        };
+
+    } else if (typeof setImmediate === "function") {
+        // In IE10, Node.js 0.9+, or https://github.com/NobleJS/setImmediate
+        if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
+            requestTick = setImmediate.bind(window, flush);
+        } else {
+            requestTick = function () {
+                setImmediate(flush);
+            };
+        }
+
+    } else if (typeof MessageChannel !== "undefined") {
+        // modern browsers
+        // http://www.nonblocking.io/2011/06/windownexttick.html
+        var channel = new MessageChannel();
+        // At least Safari Version 6.0.5 (8536.30.1) intermittently cannot create
+        // working message ports the first time a page loads.
+        channel.port1.onmessage = function () {
+            requestTick = requestPortTick;
+            channel.port1.onmessage = flush;
+            flush();
+        };
+        var requestPortTick = function () {
+            // Opera requires us to provide a message payload, regardless of
+            // whether we use it.
+            channel.port2.postMessage(0);
+        };
+        requestTick = function () {
+            setTimeout(flush, 0);
+            requestPortTick();
+        };
+
+    } else {
+        // old browsers
+        requestTick = function () {
+            setTimeout(flush, 0);
+        };
+    }
+    // runs a task after all other tasks have been run
+    // this is useful for unhandled rejection tracking that needs to happen
+    // after all `then`d tasks have been run.
+    nextTick.runAfter = function (task) {
+        laterQueue.push(task);
+        if (!flushing) {
+            flushing = true;
+            requestTick();
+        }
+    };
+    return nextTick;
+})();
+
+// Attempt to make generics safe in the face of downstream
+// modifications.
+// There is no situation where this is necessary.
+// If you need a security guarantee, these primordials need to be
+// deeply frozen anyway, and if you don’t need a security guarantee,
+// this is just plain paranoid.
+// However, this **might** have the nice side-effect of reducing the size of
+// the minified code by reducing x.call() to merely x()
+// See Mark Miller’s explanation of what this does.
+// http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=conventions:safe_meta_programming
+var call = Function.call;
+function uncurryThis(f) {
+    return function () {
+        return call.apply(f, arguments);
+    };
+}
+// This is equivalent, but slower:
+// uncurryThis = Function_bind.bind(Function_bind.call);
+// http://jsperf.com/uncurrythis
+
+var array_slice = uncurryThis(Array.prototype.slice);
+
+var array_reduce = uncurryThis(
+    Array.prototype.reduce || function (callback, basis) {
+        var index = 0,
+            length = this.length;
+        // concerning the initial value, if one is not provided
+        if (arguments.length === 1) {
+            // seek to the first value in the array, accounting
+            // for the possibility that is is a sparse array
+            do {
+                if (index in this) {
+                    basis = this[index++];
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (++index >= length) {
+                    throw new TypeError();
+                }
+            } while (1);
+        }
+        // reduce
+        for (; index < length; index++) {
+            // account for the possibility that the array is sparse
+            if (index in this) {
+                basis = callback(basis, this[index], index);
+            }
+        }
+        return basis;
+    }
+);
+
+var array_indexOf = uncurryThis(
+    Array.prototype.indexOf || function (value) {
+        // not a very good shim, but good enough for our one use of it
+        for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            if (this[i] === value) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+);
+
+var array_map = uncurryThis(
+    Array.prototype.map || function (callback, thisp) {
+        var self = this;
+        var collect = [];
+        array_reduce(self, function (undefined, value, index) {
+            collect.push(callback.call(thisp, value, index, self));
+        }, void 0);
+        return collect;
+    }
+);
+
+var object_create = Object.create || function (prototype) {
+    function Type() { }
+    Type.prototype = prototype;
+    return new Type();
+};
+
+var object_hasOwnProperty = uncurryThis(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty);
+
+var object_keys = Object.keys || function (object) {
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in object) {
+        if (object_hasOwnProperty(object, key)) {
+            keys.push(key);
+        }
+    }
+    return keys;
+};
+
+var object_toString = uncurryThis(Object.prototype.toString);
+
+function isObject(value) {
+    return value === Object(value);
+}
+
+// generator related shims
+
+// FIXME: Remove this function once ES6 generators are in SpiderMonkey.
+function isStopIteration(exception) {
+    return (
+        object_toString(exception) === "[object StopIteration]" ||
+        exception instanceof QReturnValue
+    );
+}
+
+// FIXME: Remove this helper and Q.return once ES6 generators are in
+// SpiderMonkey.
+var QReturnValue;
+if (typeof ReturnValue !== "undefined") {
+    QReturnValue = ReturnValue;
+} else {
+    QReturnValue = function (value) {
+        this.value = value;
+    };
+}
+
+// long stack traces
+
+var STACK_JUMP_SEPARATOR = "From previous event:";
+
+function makeStackTraceLong(error, promise) {
+    // If possible, transform the error stack trace by removing Node and Q
+    // cruft, then concatenating with the stack trace of `promise`. See #57.
+    if (hasStacks &&
+        promise.stack &&
+        typeof error === "object" &&
+        error !== null &&
+        error.stack &&
+        error.stack.indexOf(STACK_JUMP_SEPARATOR) === -1
+    ) {
+        var stacks = [];
+        for (var p = promise; !!p; p = p.source) {
+            if (p.stack) {
+                stacks.unshift(p.stack);
+            }
+        }
+        stacks.unshift(error.stack);
+
+        var concatedStacks = stacks.join("\n" + STACK_JUMP_SEPARATOR + "\n");
+        error.stack = filterStackString(concatedStacks);
+    }
+}
+
+function filterStackString(stackString) {
+    var lines = stackString.split("\n");
+    var desiredLines = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; ++i) {
+        var line = lines[i];
+
+        if (!isInternalFrame(line) && !isNodeFrame(line) && line) {
+            desiredLines.push(line);
+        }
+    }
+    return desiredLines.join("\n");
+}
+
+function isNodeFrame(stackLine) {
+    return stackLine.indexOf("(module.js:") !== -1 ||
+           stackLine.indexOf("(node.js:") !== -1;
+}
+
+function getFileNameAndLineNumber(stackLine) {
+    // Named functions: "at functionName (filename:lineNumber:columnNumber)"
+    // In IE10 function name can have spaces ("Anonymous function") O_o
+    var attempt1 = /at .+ \((.+):(\d+):(?:\d+)\)$/.exec(stackLine);
+    if (attempt1) {
+        return [attempt1[1], Number(attempt1[2])];
+    }
+
+    // Anonymous functions: "at filename:lineNumber:columnNumber"
+    var attempt2 = /at ([^ ]+):(\d+):(?:\d+)$/.exec(stackLine);
+    if (attempt2) {
+        return [attempt2[1], Number(attempt2[2])];
+    }
+
+    // Firefox style: "function@filename:lineNumber or @filename:lineNumber"
+    var attempt3 = /.*@(.+):(\d+)$/.exec(stackLine);
+    if (attempt3) {
+        return [attempt3[1], Number(attempt3[2])];
+    }
+}
+
+function isInternalFrame(stackLine) {
+    var fileNameAndLineNumber = getFileNameAndLineNumber(stackLine);
+
+    if (!fileNameAndLineNumber) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    var fileName = fileNameAndLineNumber[0];
+    var lineNumber = fileNameAndLineNumber[1];
+
+    return fileName === qFileName &&
+        lineNumber >= qStartingLine &&
+        lineNumber <= qEndingLine;
+}
+
+// discover own file name and line number range for filtering stack
+// traces
+function captureLine() {
+    if (!hasStacks) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        throw new Error();
+    } catch (e) {
+        var lines = e.stack.split("\n");
+        var firstLine = lines[0].indexOf("@") > 0 ? lines[1] : lines[2];
+        var fileNameAndLineNumber = getFileNameAndLineNumber(firstLine);
+        if (!fileNameAndLineNumber) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        qFileName = fileNameAndLineNumber[0];
+        return fileNameAndLineNumber[1];
+    }
+}
+
+function deprecate(callback, name, alternative) {
+    return function () {
+        if (typeof console !== "undefined" &&
+            typeof console.warn === "function") {
+            console.warn(name + " is deprecated, use " + alternative +
+                         " instead.", new Error("").stack);
+        }
+        return callback.apply(callback, arguments);
+    };
+}
+
+// end of shims
+// beginning of real work
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a promise for an immediate reference, passes promises through, or
+ * coerces promises from different systems.
+ * @param value immediate reference or promise
+ */
+function Q(value) {
+    // If the object is already a Promise, return it directly.  This enables
+    // the resolve function to both be used to created references from objects,
+    // but to tolerably coerce non-promises to promises.
+    if (value instanceof Promise) {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    // assimilate thenables
+    if (isPromiseAlike(value)) {
+        return coerce(value);
+    } else {
+        return fulfill(value);
+    }
+}
+Q.resolve = Q;
+
+/**
+ * Performs a task in a future turn of the event loop.
+ * @param {Function} task
+ */
+Q.nextTick = nextTick;
+
+/**
+ * Controls whether or not long stack traces will be on
+ */
+Q.longStackSupport = false;
+
+// enable long stacks if Q_DEBUG is set
+if (typeof process === "object" && process && process.env && process.env.Q_DEBUG) {
+    Q.longStackSupport = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a {promise, resolve, reject} object.
+ *
+ * `resolve` is a callback to invoke with a more resolved value for the
+ * promise. To fulfill the promise, invoke `resolve` with any value that is
+ * not a thenable. To reject the promise, invoke `resolve` with a rejected
+ * thenable, or invoke `reject` with the reason directly. To resolve the
+ * promise to another thenable, thus putting it in the same state, invoke
+ * `resolve` with that other thenable.
+ */
+Q.defer = defer;
+function defer() {
+    // if "messages" is an "Array", that indicates that the promise has not yet
+    // been resolved.  If it is "undefined", it has been resolved.  Each
+    // element of the messages array is itself an array of complete arguments to
+    // forward to the resolved promise.  We coerce the resolution value to a
+    // promise using the `resolve` function because it handles both fully
+    // non-thenable values and other thenables gracefully.
+    var messages = [], progressListeners = [], resolvedPromise;
+
+    var deferred = object_create(defer.prototype);
+    var promise = object_create(Promise.prototype);
+
+    promise.promiseDispatch = function (resolve, op, operands) {
+        var args = array_slice(arguments);
+        if (messages) {
+            messages.push(args);
+            if (op === "when" && operands[1]) { // progress operand
+                progressListeners.push(operands[1]);
+            }
+        } else {
+            Q.nextTick(function () {
+                resolvedPromise.promiseDispatch.apply(resolvedPromise, args);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    // XXX deprecated
+    promise.valueOf = function () {
+        if (messages) {
+            return promise;
+        }
+        var nearerValue = nearer(resolvedPromise);
+        if (isPromise(nearerValue)) {
+            resolvedPromise = nearerValue; // shorten chain
+        }
+        return nearerValue;
+    };
+
+    promise.inspect = function () {
+        if (!resolvedPromise) {
+            return { state: "pending" };
+        }
+        return resolvedPromise.inspect();
+    };
+
+    if (Q.longStackSupport && hasStacks) {
+        try {
+            throw new Error();
+        } catch (e) {
+            // NOTE: don't try to use `Error.captureStackTrace` or transfer the
+            // accessor around; that causes memory leaks as per GH-111. Just
+            // reify the stack trace as a string ASAP.
+            //
+            // At the same time, cut off the first line; it's always just
+            // "[object Promise]\n", as per the `toString`.
+            promise.stack = e.stack.substring(e.stack.indexOf("\n") + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: we do the checks for `resolvedPromise` in each method, instead of
+    // consolidating them into `become`, since otherwise we'd create new
+    // promises with the lines `become(whatever(value))`. See e.g. GH-252.
+
+    function become(newPromise) {
+        resolvedPromise = newPromise;
+        promise.source = newPromise;
+
+        array_reduce(messages, function (undefined, message) {
+            Q.nextTick(function () {
+                newPromise.promiseDispatch.apply(newPromise, message);
+            });
+        }, void 0);
+
+        messages = void 0;
+        progressListeners = void 0;
+    }
+
+    deferred.promise = promise;
+    deferred.resolve = function (value) {
+        if (resolvedPromise) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        become(Q(value));
+    };
+
+    deferred.fulfill = function (value) {
+        if (resolvedPromise) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        become(fulfill(value));
+    };
+    deferred.reject = function (reason) {
+        if (resolvedPromise) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        become(reject(reason));
+    };
+    deferred.notify = function (progress) {
+        if (resolvedPromise) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        array_reduce(progressListeners, function (undefined, progressListener) {
+            Q.nextTick(function () {
+                progressListener(progress);
+            });
+        }, void 0);
+    };
+
+    return deferred;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Node-style callback that will resolve or reject the deferred
+ * promise.
+ * @returns a nodeback
+ */
+defer.prototype.makeNodeResolver = function () {
+    var self = this;
+    return function (error, value) {
+        if (error) {
+            self.reject(error);
+        } else if (arguments.length > 2) {
+            self.resolve(array_slice(arguments, 1));
+        } else {
+            self.resolve(value);
+        }
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @param resolver {Function} a function that returns nothing and accepts
+ * the resolve, reject, and notify functions for a deferred.
+ * @returns a promise that may be resolved with the given resolve and reject
+ * functions, or rejected by a thrown exception in resolver
+ */
+Q.Promise = promise; // ES6
+Q.promise = promise;
+function promise(resolver) {
+    if (typeof resolver !== "function") {
+        throw new TypeError("resolver must be a function.");
+    }
+    var deferred = defer();
+    try {
+        resolver(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject, deferred.notify);
+    } catch (reason) {
+        deferred.reject(reason);
+    }
+    return deferred.promise;
+}
+
+promise.race = race; // ES6
+promise.all = all; // ES6
+promise.reject = reject; // ES6
+promise.resolve = Q; // ES6
+
+// XXX experimental.  This method is a way to denote that a local value is
+// serializable and should be immediately dispatched to a remote upon request,
+// instead of passing a reference.
+Q.passByCopy = function (object) {
+    //freeze(object);
+    //passByCopies.set(object, true);
+    return object;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.passByCopy = function () {
+    //freeze(object);
+    //passByCopies.set(object, true);
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * If two promises eventually fulfill to the same value, promises that value,
+ * but otherwise rejects.
+ * @param x {Any*}
+ * @param y {Any*}
+ * @returns {Any*} a promise for x and y if they are the same, but a rejection
+ * otherwise.
+ *
+ */
+Q.join = function (x, y) {
+    return Q(x).join(y);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.join = function (that) {
+    return Q([this, that]).spread(function (x, y) {
+        if (x === y) {
+            // TODO: "===" should be Object.is or equiv
+            return x;
+        } else {
+            throw new Error("Can't join: not the same: " + x + " " + y);
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a promise for the first of an array of promises to become settled.
+ * @param answers {Array[Any*]} promises to race
+ * @returns {Any*} the first promise to be settled
+ */
+Q.race = race;
+function race(answerPs) {
+    return promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+        // Switch to this once we can assume at least ES5
+        // answerPs.forEach(function (answerP) {
+        //     Q(answerP).then(resolve, reject);
+        // });
+        // Use this in the meantime
+        for (var i = 0, len = answerPs.length; i < len; i++) {
+            Q(answerPs[i]).then(resolve, reject);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.race = function () {
+    return this.then(Q.race);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a Promise with a promise descriptor object and optional fallback
+ * function.  The descriptor contains methods like when(rejected), get(name),
+ * set(name, value), post(name, args), and delete(name), which all
+ * return either a value, a promise for a value, or a rejection.  The fallback
+ * accepts the operation name, a resolver, and any further arguments that would
+ * have been forwarded to the appropriate method above had a method been
+ * provided with the proper name.  The API makes no guarantees about the nature
+ * of the returned object, apart from that it is usable whereever promises are
+ * bought and sold.
+ */
+Q.makePromise = Promise;
+function Promise(descriptor, fallback, inspect) {
+    if (fallback === void 0) {
+        fallback = function (op) {
+            return reject(new Error(
+                "Promise does not support operation: " + op
+            ));
+        };
+    }
+    if (inspect === void 0) {
+        inspect = function () {
+            return {state: "unknown"};
+        };
+    }
+
+    var promise = object_create(Promise.prototype);
+
+    promise.promiseDispatch = function (resolve, op, args) {
+        var result;
+        try {
+            if (descriptor[op]) {
+                result = descriptor[op].apply(promise, args);
+            } else {
+                result = fallback.call(promise, op, args);
+            }
+        } catch (exception) {
+            result = reject(exception);
+        }
+        if (resolve) {
+            resolve(result);
+        }
+    };
+
+    promise.inspect = inspect;
+
+    // XXX deprecated `valueOf` and `exception` support
+    if (inspect) {
+        var inspected = inspect();
+        if (inspected.state === "rejected") {
+            promise.exception = inspected.reason;
+        }
+
+        promise.valueOf = function () {
+            var inspected = inspect();
+            if (inspected.state === "pending" ||
+                inspected.state === "rejected") {
+                return promise;
+            }
+            return inspected.value;
+        };
+    }
+
+    return promise;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return "[object Promise]";
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.then = function (fulfilled, rejected, progressed) {
+    var self = this;
+    var deferred = defer();
+    var done = false;   // ensure the untrusted promise makes at most a
+                        // single call to one of the callbacks
+
+    function _fulfilled(value) {
+        try {
+            return typeof fulfilled === "function" ? fulfilled(value) : value;
+        } catch (exception) {
+            return reject(exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function _rejected(exception) {
+        if (typeof rejected === "function") {
+            makeStackTraceLong(exception, self);
+            try {
+                return rejected(exception);
+            } catch (newException) {
+                return reject(newException);
+            }
+        }
+        return reject(exception);
+    }
+
+    function _progressed(value) {
+        return typeof progressed === "function" ? progressed(value) : value;
+    }
+
+    Q.nextTick(function () {
+        self.promiseDispatch(function (value) {
+            if (done) {
+                return;
+            }
+            done = true;
+
+            deferred.resolve(_fulfilled(value));
+        }, "when", [function (exception) {
+            if (done) {
+                return;
+            }
+            done = true;
+
+            deferred.resolve(_rejected(exception));
+        }]);
+    });
+
+    // Progress propagator need to be attached in the current tick.
+    self.promiseDispatch(void 0, "when", [void 0, function (value) {
+        var newValue;
+        var threw = false;
+        try {
+            newValue = _progressed(value);
+        } catch (e) {
+            threw = true;
+            if (Q.onerror) {
+                Q.onerror(e);
+            } else {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!threw) {
+            deferred.notify(newValue);
+        }
+    }]);
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+Q.tap = function (promise, callback) {
+    return Q(promise).tap(callback);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Works almost like "finally", but not called for rejections.
+ * Original resolution value is passed through callback unaffected.
+ * Callback may return a promise that will be awaited for.
+ * @param {Function} callback
+ * @returns {Q.Promise}
+ * @example
+ * doSomething()
+ *   .then(...)
+ *   .tap(console.log)
+ *   .then(...);
+ */
+Promise.prototype.tap = function (callback) {
+    callback = Q(callback);
+
+    return this.then(function (value) {
+        return callback.fcall(value).thenResolve(value);
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Registers an observer on a promise.
+ *
+ * Guarantees:
+ *
+ * 1. that fulfilled and rejected will be called only once.
+ * 2. that either the fulfilled callback or the rejected callback will be
+ *    called, but not both.
+ * 3. that fulfilled and rejected will not be called in this turn.
+ *
+ * @param value      promise or immediate reference to observe
+ * @param fulfilled  function to be called with the fulfilled value
+ * @param rejected   function to be called with the rejection exception
+ * @param progressed function to be called on any progress notifications
+ * @return promise for the return value from the invoked callback
+ */
+Q.when = when;
+function when(value, fulfilled, rejected, progressed) {
+    return Q(value).then(fulfilled, rejected, progressed);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.thenResolve = function (value) {
+    return this.then(function () { return value; });
+};
+
+Q.thenResolve = function (promise, value) {
+    return Q(promise).thenResolve(value);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.thenReject = function (reason) {
+    return this.then(function () { throw reason; });
+};
+
+Q.thenReject = function (promise, reason) {
+    return Q(promise).thenReject(reason);
+};
+
+/**
+ * If an object is not a promise, it is as "near" as possible.
+ * If a promise is rejected, it is as "near" as possible too.
+ * If it’s a fulfilled promise, the fulfillment value is nearer.
+ * If it’s a deferred promise and the deferred has been resolved, the
+ * resolution is "nearer".
+ * @param object
+ * @returns most resolved (nearest) form of the object
+ */
+
+// XXX should we re-do this?
+Q.nearer = nearer;
+function nearer(value) {
+    if (isPromise(value)) {
+        var inspected = value.inspect();
+        if (inspected.state === "fulfilled") {
+            return inspected.value;
+        }
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @returns whether the given object is a promise.
+ * Otherwise it is a fulfilled value.
+ */
+Q.isPromise = isPromise;
+function isPromise(object) {
+    return object instanceof Promise;
+}
+
+Q.isPromiseAlike = isPromiseAlike;
+function isPromiseAlike(object) {
+    return isObject(object) && typeof object.then === "function";
+}
+
+/**
+ * @returns whether the given object is a pending promise, meaning not
+ * fulfilled or rejected.
+ */
+Q.isPending = isPending;
+function isPending(object) {
+    return isPromise(object) && object.inspect().state === "pending";
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.isPending = function () {
+    return this.inspect().state === "pending";
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns whether the given object is a value or fulfilled
+ * promise.
+ */
+Q.isFulfilled = isFulfilled;
+function isFulfilled(object) {
+    return !isPromise(object) || object.inspect().state === "fulfilled";
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.isFulfilled = function () {
+    return this.inspect().state === "fulfilled";
+};
+
+/**
+ * @returns whether the given object is a rejected promise.
+ */
+Q.isRejected = isRejected;
+function isRejected(object) {
+    return isPromise(object) && object.inspect().state === "rejected";
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.isRejected = function () {
+    return this.inspect().state === "rejected";
+};
+
+//// BEGIN UNHANDLED REJECTION TRACKING
+
+// This promise library consumes exceptions thrown in handlers so they can be
+// handled by a subsequent promise.  The exceptions get added to this array when
+// they are created, and removed when they are handled.  Note that in ES6 or
+// shimmed environments, this would naturally be a `Set`.
+var unhandledReasons = [];
+var unhandledRejections = [];
+var reportedUnhandledRejections = [];
+var trackUnhandledRejections = true;
+
+function resetUnhandledRejections() {
+    unhandledReasons.length = 0;
+    unhandledRejections.length = 0;
+
+    if (!trackUnhandledRejections) {
+        trackUnhandledRejections = true;
+    }
+}
+
+function trackRejection(promise, reason) {
+    if (!trackUnhandledRejections) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (typeof process === "object" && typeof process.emit === "function") {
+        Q.nextTick.runAfter(function () {
+            if (array_indexOf(unhandledRejections, promise) !== -1) {
+                process.emit("unhandledRejection", reason, promise);
+                reportedUnhandledRejections.push(promise);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    unhandledRejections.push(promise);
+    if (reason && typeof reason.stack !== "undefined") {
+        unhandledReasons.push(reason.stack);
+    } else {
+        unhandledReasons.push("(no stack) " + reason);
+    }
+}
+
+function untrackRejection(promise) {
+    if (!trackUnhandledRejections) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    var at = array_indexOf(unhandledRejections, promise);
+    if (at !== -1) {
+        if (typeof process === "object" && typeof process.emit === "function") {
+            Q.nextTick.runAfter(function () {
+                var atReport = array_indexOf(reportedUnhandledRejections, promise);
+                if (atReport !== -1) {
+                    process.emit("rejectionHandled", unhandledReasons[at], promise);
+                    reportedUnhandledRejections.splice(atReport, 1);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        unhandledRejections.splice(at, 1);
+        unhandledReasons.splice(at, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+Q.resetUnhandledRejections = resetUnhandledRejections;
+
+Q.getUnhandledReasons = function () {
+    // Make a copy so that consumers can't interfere with our internal state.
+    return unhandledReasons.slice();
+};
+
+Q.stopUnhandledRejectionTracking = function () {
+    resetUnhandledRejections();
+    trackUnhandledRejections = false;
+};
+
+resetUnhandledRejections();
+
+//// END UNHANDLED REJECTION TRACKING
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a rejected promise.
+ * @param reason value describing the failure
+ */
+Q.reject = reject;
+function reject(reason) {
+    var rejection = Promise({
+        "when": function (rejected) {
+            // note that the error has been handled
+            if (rejected) {
+                untrackRejection(this);
+            }
+            return rejected ? rejected(reason) : this;
+        }
+    }, function fallback() {
+        return this;
+    }, function inspect() {
+        return { state: "rejected", reason: reason };
+    });
+
+    // Note that the reason has not been handled.
+    trackRejection(rejection, reason);
+
+    return rejection;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a fulfilled promise for an immediate reference.
+ * @param value immediate reference
+ */
+Q.fulfill = fulfill;
+function fulfill(value) {
+    return Promise({
+        "when": function () {
+            return value;
+        },
+        "get": function (name) {
+            return value[name];
+        },
+        "set": function (name, rhs) {
+            value[name] = rhs;
+        },
+        "delete": function (name) {
+            delete value[name];
+        },
+        "post": function (name, args) {
+            // Mark Miller proposes that post with no name should apply a
+            // promised function.
+            if (name === null || name === void 0) {
+                return value.apply(void 0, args);
+            } else {
+                return value[name].apply(value, args);
+            }
+        },
+        "apply": function (thisp, args) {
+            return value.apply(thisp, args);
+        },
+        "keys": function () {
+            return object_keys(value);
+        }
+    }, void 0, function inspect() {
+        return { state: "fulfilled", value: value };
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts thenables to Q promises.
+ * @param promise thenable promise
+ * @returns a Q promise
+ */
+function coerce(promise) {
+    var deferred = defer();
+    Q.nextTick(function () {
+        try {
+            promise.then(deferred.resolve, deferred.reject, deferred.notify);
+        } catch (exception) {
+            deferred.reject(exception);
+        }
+    });
+    return deferred.promise;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Annotates an object such that it will never be
+ * transferred away from this process over any promise
+ * communication channel.
+ * @param object
+ * @returns promise a wrapping of that object that
+ * additionally responds to the "isDef" message
+ * without a rejection.
+ */
+Q.master = master;
+function master(object) {
+    return Promise({
+        "isDef": function () {}
+    }, function fallback(op, args) {
+        return dispatch(object, op, args);
+    }, function () {
+        return Q(object).inspect();
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Spreads the values of a promised array of arguments into the
+ * fulfillment callback.
+ * @param fulfilled callback that receives variadic arguments from the
+ * promised array
+ * @param rejected callback that receives the exception if the promise
+ * is rejected.
+ * @returns a promise for the return value or thrown exception of
+ * either callback.
+ */
+Q.spread = spread;
+function spread(value, fulfilled, rejected) {
+    return Q(value).spread(fulfilled, rejected);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.spread = function (fulfilled, rejected) {
+    return this.all().then(function (array) {
+        return fulfilled.apply(void 0, array);
+    }, rejected);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The async function is a decorator for generator functions, turning
+ * them into asynchronous generators.  Although generators are only part
+ * of the newest ECMAScript 6 drafts, this code does not cause syntax
+ * errors in older engines.  This code should continue to work and will
+ * in fact improve over time as the language improves.
+ *
+ * ES6 generators are currently part of V8 version 3.19 with the
+ * --harmony-generators runtime flag enabled.  SpiderMonkey has had them
+ * for longer, but under an older Python-inspired form.  This function
+ * works on both kinds of generators.
+ *
+ * Decorates a generator function such that:
+ *  - it may yield promises
+ *  - execution will continue when that promise is fulfilled
+ *  - the value of the yield expression will be the fulfilled value
+ *  - it returns a promise for the return value (when the generator
+ *    stops iterating)
+ *  - the decorated function returns a promise for the return value
+ *    of the generator or the first rejected promise among those
+ *    yielded.
+ *  - if an error is thrown in the generator, it propagates through
+ *    every following yield until it is caught, or until it escapes
+ *    the generator function altogether, and is translated into a
+ *    rejection for the promise returned by the decorated generator.
+ */
+Q.async = async;
+function async(makeGenerator) {
+    return function () {
+        // when verb is "send", arg is a value
+        // when verb is "throw", arg is an exception
+        function continuer(verb, arg) {
+            var result;
+
+            // Until V8 3.19 / Chromium 29 is released, SpiderMonkey is the only
+            // engine that has a deployed base of browsers that support generators.
+            // However, SM's generators use the Python-inspired semantics of
+            // outdated ES6 drafts.  We would like to support ES6, but we'd also
+            // like to make it possible to use generators in deployed browsers, so
+            // we also support Python-style generators.  At some point we can remove
+            // this block.
+
+            if (typeof StopIteration === "undefined") {
+                // ES6 Generators
+                try {
+                    result = generator[verb](arg);
+                } catch (exception) {
+                    return reject(exception);
+                }
+                if (result.done) {
+                    return Q(result.value);
+                } else {
+                    return when(result.value, callback, errback);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // SpiderMonkey Generators
+                // FIXME: Remove this case when SM does ES6 generators.
+                try {
+                    result = generator[verb](arg);
+                } catch (exception) {
+                    if (isStopIteration(exception)) {
+                        return Q(exception.value);
+                    } else {
+                        return reject(exception);
+                    }
+                }
+                return when(result, callback, errback);
+            }
+        }
+        var generator = makeGenerator.apply(this, arguments);
+        var callback = continuer.bind(continuer, "next");
+        var errback = continuer.bind(continuer, "throw");
+        return callback();
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The spawn function is a small wrapper around async that immediately
+ * calls the generator and also ends the promise chain, so that any
+ * unhandled errors are thrown instead of forwarded to the error
+ * handler. This is useful because it's extremely common to run
+ * generators at the top-level to work with libraries.
+ */
+Q.spawn = spawn;
+function spawn(makeGenerator) {
+    Q.done(Q.async(makeGenerator)());
+}
+
+// FIXME: Remove this interface once ES6 generators are in SpiderMonkey.
+/**
+ * Throws a ReturnValue exception to stop an asynchronous generator.
+ *
+ * This interface is a stop-gap measure to support generator return
+ * values in older Firefox/SpiderMonkey.  In browsers that support ES6
+ * generators like Chromium 29, just use "return" in your generator
+ * functions.
+ *
+ * @param value the return value for the surrounding generator
+ * @throws ReturnValue exception with the value.
+ * @example
+ * // ES6 style
+ * Q.async(function* () {
+ *      var foo = yield getFooPromise();
+ *      var bar = yield getBarPromise();
+ *      return foo + bar;
+ * })
+ * // Older SpiderMonkey style
+ * Q.async(function () {
+ *      var foo = yield getFooPromise();
+ *      var bar = yield getBarPromise();
+ *      Q.return(foo + bar);
+ * })
+ */
+Q["return"] = _return;
+function _return(value) {
+    throw new QReturnValue(value);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The promised function decorator ensures that any promise arguments
+ * are settled and passed as values (`this` is also settled and passed
+ * as a value).  It will also ensure that the result of a function is
+ * always a promise.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * var add = Q.promised(function (a, b) {
+ *     return a + b;
+ * });
+ * add(Q(a), Q(B));
+ *
+ * @param {function} callback The function to decorate
+ * @returns {function} a function that has been decorated.
+ */
+Q.promised = promised;
+function promised(callback) {
+    return function () {
+        return spread([this, all(arguments)], function (self, args) {
+            return callback.apply(self, args);
+        });
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * sends a message to a value in a future turn
+ * @param object* the recipient
+ * @param op the name of the message operation, e.g., "when",
+ * @param args further arguments to be forwarded to the operation
+ * @returns result {Promise} a promise for the result of the operation
+ */
+Q.dispatch = dispatch;
+function dispatch(object, op, args) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch(op, args);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.dispatch = function (op, args) {
+    var self = this;
+    var deferred = defer();
+    Q.nextTick(function () {
+        self.promiseDispatch(deferred.resolve, op, args);
+    });
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Gets the value of a property in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target object
+ * @param name      name of property to get
+ * @return promise for the property value
+ */
+Q.get = function (object, key) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("get", [key]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.get = function (key) {
+    return this.dispatch("get", [key]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets the value of a property in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for object object
+ * @param name      name of property to set
+ * @param value     new value of property
+ * @return promise for the return value
+ */
+Q.set = function (object, key, value) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("set", [key, value]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.set = function (key, value) {
+    return this.dispatch("set", [key, value]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Deletes a property in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target object
+ * @param name      name of property to delete
+ * @return promise for the return value
+ */
+Q.del = // XXX legacy
+Q["delete"] = function (object, key) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("delete", [key]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.del = // XXX legacy
+Promise.prototype["delete"] = function (key) {
+    return this.dispatch("delete", [key]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Invokes a method in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target object
+ * @param name      name of method to invoke
+ * @param value     a value to post, typically an array of
+ *                  invocation arguments for promises that
+ *                  are ultimately backed with `resolve` values,
+ *                  as opposed to those backed with URLs
+ *                  wherein the posted value can be any
+ *                  JSON serializable object.
+ * @return promise for the return value
+ */
+// bound locally because it is used by other methods
+Q.mapply = // XXX As proposed by "Redsandro"
+Q.post = function (object, name, args) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("post", [name, args]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.mapply = // XXX As proposed by "Redsandro"
+Promise.prototype.post = function (name, args) {
+    return this.dispatch("post", [name, args]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Invokes a method in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target object
+ * @param name      name of method to invoke
+ * @param ...args   array of invocation arguments
+ * @return promise for the return value
+ */
+Q.send = // XXX Mark Miller's proposed parlance
+Q.mcall = // XXX As proposed by "Redsandro"
+Q.invoke = function (object, name /*...args*/) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("post", [name, array_slice(arguments, 2)]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.send = // XXX Mark Miller's proposed parlance
+Promise.prototype.mcall = // XXX As proposed by "Redsandro"
+Promise.prototype.invoke = function (name /*...args*/) {
+    return this.dispatch("post", [name, array_slice(arguments, 1)]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Applies the promised function in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target function
+ * @param args      array of application arguments
+ */
+Q.fapply = function (object, args) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("apply", [void 0, args]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.fapply = function (args) {
+    return this.dispatch("apply", [void 0, args]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Calls the promised function in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target function
+ * @param ...args   array of application arguments
+ */
+Q["try"] =
+Q.fcall = function (object /* ...args*/) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("apply", [void 0, array_slice(arguments, 1)]);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.fcall = function (/*...args*/) {
+    return this.dispatch("apply", [void 0, array_slice(arguments)]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Binds the promised function, transforming return values into a fulfilled
+ * promise and thrown errors into a rejected one.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target function
+ * @param ...args   array of application arguments
+ */
+Q.fbind = function (object /*...args*/) {
+    var promise = Q(object);
+    var args = array_slice(arguments, 1);
+    return function fbound() {
+        return promise.dispatch("apply", [
+            this,
+            args.concat(array_slice(arguments))
+        ]);
+    };
+};
+Promise.prototype.fbind = function (/*...args*/) {
+    var promise = this;
+    var args = array_slice(arguments);
+    return function fbound() {
+        return promise.dispatch("apply", [
+            this,
+            args.concat(array_slice(arguments))
+        ]);
+    };
+};
+
+/**
+ * Requests the names of the owned properties of a promised
+ * object in a future turn.
+ * @param object    promise or immediate reference for target object
+ * @return promise for the keys of the eventually settled object
+ */
+Q.keys = function (object) {
+    return Q(object).dispatch("keys", []);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.keys = function () {
+    return this.dispatch("keys", []);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Turns an array of promises into a promise for an array.  If any of
+ * the promises gets rejected, the whole array is rejected immediately.
+ * @param {Array*} an array (or promise for an array) of values (or
+ * promises for values)
+ * @returns a promise for an array of the corresponding values
+ */
+// By Mark Miller
+// http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:concurrency&rev=1308776521#allfulfilled
+Q.all = all;
+function all(promises) {
+    return when(promises, function (promises) {
+        var pendingCount = 0;
+        var deferred = defer();
+        array_reduce(promises, function (undefined, promise, index) {
+            var snapshot;
+            if (
+                isPromise(promise) &&
+                (snapshot = promise.inspect()).state === "fulfilled"
+            ) {
+                promises[index] = snapshot.value;
+            } else {
+                ++pendingCount;
+                when(
+                    promise,
+                    function (value) {
+                        promises[index] = value;
+                        if (--pendingCount === 0) {
+                            deferred.resolve(promises);
+                        }
+                    },
+                    deferred.reject,
+                    function (progress) {
+                        deferred.notify({ index: index, value: progress });
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        }, void 0);
+        if (pendingCount === 0) {
+            deferred.resolve(promises);
+        }
+        return deferred.promise;
+    });
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.all = function () {
+    return all(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the first resolved promise of an array. Prior rejected promises are
+ * ignored.  Rejects only if all promises are rejected.
+ * @param {Array*} an array containing values or promises for values
+ * @returns a promise fulfilled with the value of the first resolved promise,
+ * or a rejected promise if all promises are rejected.
+ */
+Q.any = any;
+
+function any(promises) {
+    if (promises.length === 0) {
+        return Q.resolve();
+    }
+
+    var deferred = Q.defer();
+    var pendingCount = 0;
+    array_reduce(promises, function (prev, current, index) {
+        var promise = promises[index];
+
+        pendingCount++;
+
+        when(promise, onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress);
+        function onFulfilled(result) {
+            deferred.resolve(result);
+        }
+        function onRejected() {
+            pendingCount--;
+            if (pendingCount === 0) {
+                deferred.reject(new Error(
+                    "Can't get fulfillment value from any promise, all " +
+                    "promises were rejected."
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        function onProgress(progress) {
+            deferred.notify({
+                index: index,
+                value: progress
+            });
+        }
+    }, undefined);
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.any = function () {
+    return any(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Waits for all promises to be settled, either fulfilled or
+ * rejected.  This is distinct from `all` since that would stop
+ * waiting at the first rejection.  The promise returned by
+ * `allResolved` will never be rejected.
+ * @param promises a promise for an array (or an array) of promises
+ * (or values)
+ * @return a promise for an array of promises
+ */
+Q.allResolved = deprecate(allResolved, "allResolved", "allSettled");
+function allResolved(promises) {
+    return when(promises, function (promises) {
+        promises = array_map(promises, Q);
+        return when(all(array_map(promises, function (promise) {
+            return when(promise, noop, noop);
+        })), function () {
+            return promises;
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.allResolved = function () {
+    return allResolved(this);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @see Promise#allSettled
+ */
+Q.allSettled = allSettled;
+function allSettled(promises) {
+    return Q(promises).allSettled();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Turns an array of promises into a promise for an array of their states (as
+ * returned by `inspect`) when they have all settled.
+ * @param {Array[Any*]} values an array (or promise for an array) of values (or
+ * promises for values)
+ * @returns {Array[State]} an array of states for the respective values.
+ */
+Promise.prototype.allSettled = function () {
+    return this.then(function (promises) {
+        return all(array_map(promises, function (promise) {
+            promise = Q(promise);
+            function regardless() {
+                return promise.inspect();
+            }
+            return promise.then(regardless, regardless);
+        }));
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Captures the failure of a promise, giving an oportunity to recover
+ * with a callback.  If the given promise is fulfilled, the returned
+ * promise is fulfilled.
+ * @param {Any*} promise for something
+ * @param {Function} callback to fulfill the returned promise if the
+ * given promise is rejected
+ * @returns a promise for the return value of the callback
+ */
+Q.fail = // XXX legacy
+Q["catch"] = function (object, rejected) {
+    return Q(object).then(void 0, rejected);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.fail = // XXX legacy
+Promise.prototype["catch"] = function (rejected) {
+    return this.then(void 0, rejected);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Attaches a listener that can respond to progress notifications from a
+ * promise's originating deferred. This listener receives the exact arguments
+ * passed to ``deferred.notify``.
+ * @param {Any*} promise for something
+ * @param {Function} callback to receive any progress notifications
+ * @returns the given promise, unchanged
+ */
+Q.progress = progress;
+function progress(object, progressed) {
+    return Q(object).then(void 0, void 0, progressed);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.progress = function (progressed) {
+    return this.then(void 0, void 0, progressed);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Provides an opportunity to observe the settling of a promise,
+ * regardless of whether the promise is fulfilled or rejected.  Forwards
+ * the resolution to the returned promise when the callback is done.
+ * The callback can return a promise to defer completion.
+ * @param {Any*} promise
+ * @param {Function} callback to observe the resolution of the given
+ * promise, takes no arguments.
+ * @returns a promise for the resolution of the given promise when
+ * ``fin`` is done.
+ */
+Q.fin = // XXX legacy
+Q["finally"] = function (object, callback) {
+    return Q(object)["finally"](callback);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.fin = // XXX legacy
+Promise.prototype["finally"] = function (callback) {
+    if (!callback || typeof callback.apply !== "function") {
+        throw new Error("Can't apply finally callback");
+    }
+    callback = Q(callback);
+    return this.then(function (value) {
+        return callback.fcall().then(function () {
+            return value;
+        });
+    }, function (reason) {
+        // TODO attempt to recycle the rejection with "this".
+        return callback.fcall().then(function () {
+            throw reason;
+        });
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Terminates a chain of promises, forcing rejections to be
+ * thrown as exceptions.
+ * @param {Any*} promise at the end of a chain of promises
+ * @returns nothing
+ */
+Q.done = function (object, fulfilled, rejected, progress) {
+    return Q(object).done(fulfilled, rejected, progress);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.done = function (fulfilled, rejected, progress) {
+    var onUnhandledError = function (error) {
+        // forward to a future turn so that ``when``
+        // does not catch it and turn it into a rejection.
+        Q.nextTick(function () {
+            makeStackTraceLong(error, promise);
+            if (Q.onerror) {
+                Q.onerror(error);
+            } else {
+                throw error;
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Avoid unnecessary `nextTick`ing via an unnecessary `when`.
+    var promise = fulfilled || rejected || progress ?
+        this.then(fulfilled, rejected, progress) :
+        this;
+
+    if (typeof process === "object" && process && process.domain) {
+        onUnhandledError = process.domain.bind(onUnhandledError);
+    }
+
+    promise.then(void 0, onUnhandledError);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Causes a promise to be rejected if it does not get fulfilled before
+ * some milliseconds time out.
+ * @param {Any*} promise
+ * @param {Number} milliseconds timeout
+ * @param {Any*} custom error message or Error object (optional)
+ * @returns a promise for the resolution of the given promise if it is
+ * fulfilled before the timeout, otherwise rejected.
+ */
+Q.timeout = function (object, ms, error) {
+    return Q(object).timeout(ms, error);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.timeout = function (ms, error) {
+    var deferred = defer();
+    var timeoutId = setTimeout(function () {
+        if (!error || "string" === typeof error) {
+            error = new Error(error || "Timed out after " + ms + " ms");
+            error.code = "ETIMEDOUT";
+        }
+        deferred.reject(error);
+    }, ms);
+
+    this.then(function (value) {
+        clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+        deferred.resolve(value);
+    }, function (exception) {
+        clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+        deferred.reject(exception);
+    }, deferred.notify);
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns a promise for the given value (or promised value), some
+ * milliseconds after it resolved. Passes rejections immediately.
+ * @param {Any*} promise
+ * @param {Number} milliseconds
+ * @returns a promise for the resolution of the given promise after milliseconds
+ * time has elapsed since the resolution of the given promise.
+ * If the given promise rejects, that is passed immediately.
+ */
+Q.delay = function (object, timeout) {
+    if (timeout === void 0) {
+        timeout = object;
+        object = void 0;
+    }
+    return Q(object).delay(timeout);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.delay = function (timeout) {
+    return this.then(function (value) {
+        var deferred = defer();
+        setTimeout(function () {
+            deferred.resolve(value);
+        }, timeout);
+        return deferred.promise;
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Passes a continuation to a Node function, which is called with the given
+ * arguments provided as an array, and returns a promise.
+ *
+ *      Q.nfapply(FS.readFile, [__filename])
+ *      .then(function (content) {
+ *      })
+ *
+ */
+Q.nfapply = function (callback, args) {
+    return Q(callback).nfapply(args);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.nfapply = function (args) {
+    var deferred = defer();
+    var nodeArgs = array_slice(args);
+    nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+    this.fapply(nodeArgs).fail(deferred.reject);
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Passes a continuation to a Node function, which is called with the given
+ * arguments provided individually, and returns a promise.
+ * @example
+ * Q.nfcall(FS.readFile, __filename)
+ * .then(function (content) {
+ * })
+ *
+ */
+Q.nfcall = function (callback /*...args*/) {
+    var args = array_slice(arguments, 1);
+    return Q(callback).nfapply(args);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.nfcall = function (/*...args*/) {
+    var nodeArgs = array_slice(arguments);
+    var deferred = defer();
+    nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+    this.fapply(nodeArgs).fail(deferred.reject);
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wraps a NodeJS continuation passing function and returns an equivalent
+ * version that returns a promise.
+ * @example
+ * Q.nfbind(FS.readFile, __filename)("utf-8")
+ * .then(console.log)
+ * .done()
+ */
+Q.nfbind =
+Q.denodeify = function (callback /*...args*/) {
+    var baseArgs = array_slice(arguments, 1);
+    return function () {
+        var nodeArgs = baseArgs.concat(array_slice(arguments));
+        var deferred = defer();
+        nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+        Q(callback).fapply(nodeArgs).fail(deferred.reject);
+        return deferred.promise;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.nfbind =
+Promise.prototype.denodeify = function (/*...args*/) {
+    var args = array_slice(arguments);
+    args.unshift(this);
+    return Q.denodeify.apply(void 0, args);
+};
+
+Q.nbind = function (callback, thisp /*...args*/) {
+    var baseArgs = array_slice(arguments, 2);
+    return function () {
+        var nodeArgs = baseArgs.concat(array_slice(arguments));
+        var deferred = defer();
+        nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+        function bound() {
+            return callback.apply(thisp, arguments);
+        }
+        Q(bound).fapply(nodeArgs).fail(deferred.reject);
+        return deferred.promise;
+    };
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.nbind = function (/*thisp, ...args*/) {
+    var args = array_slice(arguments, 0);
+    args.unshift(this);
+    return Q.nbind.apply(void 0, args);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Calls a method of a Node-style object that accepts a Node-style
+ * callback with a given array of arguments, plus a provided callback.
+ * @param object an object that has the named method
+ * @param {String} name name of the method of object
+ * @param {Array} args arguments to pass to the method; the callback
+ * will be provided by Q and appended to these arguments.
+ * @returns a promise for the value or error
+ */
+Q.nmapply = // XXX As proposed by "Redsandro"
+Q.npost = function (object, name, args) {
+    return Q(object).npost(name, args);
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.nmapply = // XXX As proposed by "Redsandro"
+Promise.prototype.npost = function (name, args) {
+    var nodeArgs = array_slice(args || []);
+    var deferred = defer();
+    nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+    this.dispatch("post", [name, nodeArgs]).fail(deferred.reject);
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Calls a method of a Node-style object that accepts a Node-style
+ * callback, forwarding the given variadic arguments, plus a provided
+ * callback argument.
+ * @param object an object that has the named method
+ * @param {String} name name of the method of object
+ * @param ...args arguments to pass to the method; the callback will
+ * be provided by Q and appended to these arguments.
+ * @returns a promise for the value or error
+ */
+Q.nsend = // XXX Based on Mark Miller's proposed "send"
+Q.nmcall = // XXX Based on "Redsandro's" proposal
+Q.ninvoke = function (object, name /*...args*/) {
+    var nodeArgs = array_slice(arguments, 2);
+    var deferred = defer();
+    nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+    Q(object).dispatch("post", [name, nodeArgs]).fail(deferred.reject);
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+Promise.prototype.nsend = // XXX Based on Mark Miller's proposed "send"
+Promise.prototype.nmcall = // XXX Based on "Redsandro's" proposal
+Promise.prototype.ninvoke = function (name /*...args*/) {
+    var nodeArgs = array_slice(arguments, 1);
+    var deferred = defer();
+    nodeArgs.push(deferred.makeNodeResolver());
+    this.dispatch("post", [name, nodeArgs]).fail(deferred.reject);
+    return deferred.promise;
+};
+
+/**
+ * If a function would like to support both Node continuation-passing-style and
+ * promise-returning-style, it can end its internal promise chain with
+ * `nodeify(nodeback)`, forwarding the optional nodeback argument.  If the user
+ * elects to use a nodeback, the result will be sent there.  If they do not
+ * pass a nodeback, they will receive the result promise.
+ * @param object a result (or a promise for a result)
+ * @param {Function} nodeback a Node.js-style callback
+ * @returns either the promise or nothing
+ */
+Q.nodeify = nodeify;
+function nodeify(object, nodeback) {
+    return Q(object).nodeify(nodeback);
+}
+
+Promise.prototype.nodeify = function (nodeback) {
+    if (nodeback) {
+        this.then(function (value) {
+            Q.nextTick(function () {
+                nodeback(null, value);
+            });
+        }, function (error) {
+            Q.nextTick(function () {
+                nodeback(error);
+            });
+        });
+    } else {
+        return this;
+    }
+};
+
+Q.noConflict = function() {
+    throw new Error("Q.noConflict only works when Q is used as a global");
+};
+
+// All code before this point will be filtered from stack traces.
+var qEndingLine = captureLine();
+
+return Q;
+
+});
-- 
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