====== Pomen naravnega jezika ======

Objekte predstavimo z atomi (mala začetnica!). Lastnosti objekta in razmerja
med objekti predstavimo s predikati.

===== Glagoli =====

  - Netranzitivni: ''paints(john)''
  - Tranzitivni: ''likes(john, annie)''

===== Določilniki =====

  "a" → exists(X, … and …)
                  |     |
                  |     `- pove, kaj velja za ta določen X
                  `- določi X

    "A little green man paints."
    exists(X, little(X) and green(X) and paints(X)).

  "every" → all(X, … ==> …)
                   |     |
                   |     `- pove, kaj velja za X-e v domeni
                   `- omeji domeno X-ov, za katere velja desni del
  
    "Every cat likes milk."
    all(X, cat(X) ==> likes(X, milk)).
  
    "Every cat except Tom likes every mouse."
    all(C, cat(C) and C \= tom => all(M, mouse(M) ==> likes(C, M))).

===== Relativni stavki =====

  "that" → dodatna določila v exists(…) in all(…)
  
    "Every Italian in Peartree Village owns a restaurant that overlooks a bridge."
    all(X, italian(X) and in(X, peartree_village) ==>
           exists(R, restaurant(R) and exists(B, bridge(B) and overlooks(R, B))
	             and owns(X, R))).

===== Primeri =====

  "John likes Mary and Maggie."
  likes(john, mary) and likes(john, maggie).

  "Every painter that works in Spain visited Prado."
  all(P, painter(P) and works_in(P, spain) ==> visited(P, prado)).

  "Every singer likes every person that admires every artist."
  all(S, singer(S) ==> all(P, person(P) and all(A, artist(A) ==> likes(P, A)) ==> likes(S, P))).

  "Cathy knows an architect that designed a hotel in Piran."
  exists(A, architect(A) and
            exists(H, hotel(H) and in(H, piran) and designed(A, H)) and
            knows(cathy, A)).

  "Every student that finished a school project received a mark greater than 7."
  all(S, student(S) and exists(P, school_project(P) and finished(S, P)) =>
         exists(M, mark(M) and received(S, M) and M > 7)).

  "A white horse from Lipica won two races in Ljubljana."
  exists(H, horse(H) and white(H) and from(H, lipica) and
            exists(R1, race(R1) and in(R1, ljubljana) and
            exists(R2, race(R2) and in(R2, ljubljana) and
                   R1 \= R2 and won(H, R1) and won(H, R2)))).

  "A clever lady sold all the horses she owned to a tourist from Japan."
  exists(L, lady(L) and clever(C) ==>
            exists(T, tourist(T) and from(T, japan) and
                      all(H, horse(H) and owned(L, H) ==> sold(L, H, T)))).